2024 NATIONAL TEMPORARY MIGRANT WORK SURVEY
Key findings by industry
Migrant workers are essential to industries across Australia. Yet exploitation remains widespread, and often hidden in plain sight. These pages draw on the 2024 National Survey to show what's really happening, industry by industry, and where the problems are most acute.
Explore by industry
Choose an industry to see data relevant to your work. The key findings, the conditions workers describe in their own words, and the figures behind them.
Hospitality · Horticulture & agriculture · Construction · Cleaning · Care & disability · Delivery & gig work · Retail
Industry Overview in Charts
01 — Demographics
Survey participant demographics for those who worked in 2023–24. Participants' visa type, gender, location, nationality, year of arrival and union membership.
02 — WAGES
Wages and underpayment by industry. Hourly wages received in participants' lowest-paid job in 2023–24, and the extent to which these fall below statutory minimums and each participant's individually-calculated minimum wage.
03 — Work arrangement
Structure of work arrangement (permanent / casual / contractor) and after-hours work. Participants' work arrangement in their lowest-paid job and prevalence of night and weekend work.
04 — FAIR WORK COMPLIANCE
Compliance with Fair Work Act responsibilities beyond minimum wages. Participants' experiences of superannuation non-payment, cash wages, lack of payslips, penalty-rate non-payment, and employer wage deductions.